Excessive traction

Excessive traction in a lateral, or off axis, direction, causes the nerves within the brachial plexus, a shrealth, or fabric of nerves from the spinal cord in the area of the neck, to the upper extremities including the shoulder, arm and hand.

If these nerves are stretched past their failure threshold, they become permanently injured.

Various studies have explored how much off-axis, or lateral force, or traction, it takes to cause a permanent brachial plexus injury.